Armed ethnic groups. Categorising people into distinctive ethnic groups is a problematic task that necessarily over-simplifies a complex reality. The conflicts have pitted rebel groups against the Myanmar military, which is dominated by the Bamar ethnic group. In recent years Myanmar (previously known as Burma), has emerged as an exciting new travel destination - full to the brim with a wealth of history and untouched cultures to witness. The Moken are made up of between 2000 and 3000 people that inhabit the waters around a group of islands called the Mergui Archipelago off the southern coast of Myanmar. Kayan People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.matadornetwork.com. The Jingpo are notoriously deft at survival and fighting skills, along with craftsmanship and herbal healing. Our travel guides and blogs are for informational purposes only. Explore Indonesia's most iconic islands aboard the world-class Aqua Blu vessel. The name Chin is thought to come from the Chindwin Valley, where they first entered Myanmar in the 9th century AD. Come face to face with Komodo dragons, snorkel in turquoise waters and embark on the adventure of a lifetime. Spiced rice and fish are their favorite meal in Rakhine homes. They live up in Chin State, the remote mountains and thick forest of northwestern Myanmar, near the border of India and Bangladesh. With Myanmar in turmoil since the army overthrew elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a February 1 coup, ethnic armed groups are being drawn back into conflict with the military junta as they side with opponents of the coup. They believe that the creation of the world occurred when god placed a stake in the ground. There are at least 108 ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar. Each of these comprises many different ethnic groups (except the Mon, which only has one), and many of the groups are very closely related. identification, this report will refer to majority ethnic group in Myanmar as Bamar. We don’t blame you! A map if the larger ethnic groups of Myanmar. When visiting indigenous peoples, it’s important to remember a few key rules to make sure you don’t add any pressure to their lives. Karen people mainly practice Buddhism and a minority group practice Christianity and Animism. Myanmar is one of the ethnically most diverse countries in the world and throughout its existence as an independent state has experienced a complex set of conflicts between the central government and ethnic minority groups seeking autonomy. Myanmar’s rebel ethnic groups are currently estimated to consist of 80,000 fighters, compared with the army’s 400,000. The constitution does not protect minority groups who have suffered oppression for many years. Now, an estimated one-third of Myanmar's territory -- mostly the border regions -- is controlled by 20-odd armed rebel outfits, according to the International Crisis Group. Most Bamar community practice Theravada Buddhism. An account of an embassy to the kingdom of Ava 00513-s.gif. Festivals are popular, such as the regular pagoda festivals. Keep up to date with new blog posts, cruise offers and more by signing up to our monthly newsletter! The Karen, or Kayin, people have a population in the country of close to 3,604,000. They are often called ‘sea gypsies’ (or Salon in Burmese), living on wooden boats and leading a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, living completely off the sea. Puppetry is a common way of entertainment used in shows and festivals. They occupy Shan State and are traditionally rice farmers. These include: 1 For Crisis Group reporting on Myanmar since t he 2015 elections, see Asia Reports N°s 308, Re-booting Myanmar’s Stalled Peace Process, 19 June 2020; 307, An Avoidable War: Politics and Armed Conflict in Myanmar’s Rakhine State, 9 June 2020; 305, Commerce and Conflict: Navi- Ethnic Groups in Myanmar An overview of the ethnic groups in Myanmar. Myanmar’s Ethnic Groups. Tell us a little about your travel plans: Sign up to our newsletter to get your free Cruise Guide! Violence here is rife, particularly between the Rakhine and the Rohingya, and Rakhine State remains one of the poorest and most unstable parts of Myanmar. Myanmar is a true cultural mosaic. Karen. Their culture has similarities with Burmese culture. The name Burma was given to the country during British colonial rule presumably after the ‘Bamar’, who were and remain to be the majority ethnicity in the country. Rice and fish are their favorite diet. A big part of Karen day to day life is music - women, in particular, can be seen in the villages playing guitar. In fact, the ethnic minority groups of Myanmar choose to call themselves ‘ethnic nationalities’ rather than ‘ethnic minorities’ because of increasing fear of being sidelined or steam-rollered by the dominant Bamar culture. These categories serve as the basis for the geographical division of Myanmar's provinces as well. Over the course of history, settlers have been drawn in from all sides, and today around one-third of the country’s population is made up of minority ethnic communities. It was the ruling majority ethnic group that gave the country its name. The other ethnic minorities make up the remaining 32% of the population. Some of the ethnic minorities include Shan, Kayin, Rakhine, and Karen. Karen people have been involved in armed conflict with Myanmar government for over 60 years. The population of Myanmar numbers somewhere between 51 and 55 million people. We’ll give you impartial, expert advice and excellent customer service to ensure an unforgettable adventure of a lifetime. This idea of cultural homogenization is often nicknamed ‘Burmanization’. This ethnic group is made up of a large number of different sub-groups, many of whom don’t associate with one another and have little in common other than geographical location. The Bamar are actually made up of nine different ethnic groups in total, including one rather unique nomadic minority called the Moken. For formal occasions, gold jewelry and silk scarves are put on, and the men often wear turbans and jackets with mandarin collars. With Myanmar in turmoil since the army overthrew elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a February 1 coup, ethnic armed groups are being drawn back into conflict with the military junta as they side with opponents of the coup. With over 135 separate ethnic groups of Myanmar, each with its own different culture and customs, this is, without doubt, one of the most ethnically exciting places on Earth. Smile! Please click right below to see the timeline. The Arakanese language is closely linked to the Burmese language. Bamar people have Tibetan and Chinese ancestry. The Karen National Union (KNU) is … This is done according to the day of the week the child is born - and the Burmese week is divided into 8 to include Yahu (Wednesday afternoon!). © 2020 Rainforest Cruises. Rainforest Cruises is a boutique travel company specializing in Amazon river cruises, Galapagos Islands tours, and Southeast Asia cruises. Some data subject to change. Other ethnic groups with significant numbers include Pa-O, Wa, Kokang, Palaung, Akha, and Lahu. You may unsubscribe at any time. These instruments accompany their traditional dances which are performed in the villages. Several of them have run … The eight categories are Tradition holds that communal Kayan decisions are done through divination - things like reading chicken bones or breaking thatch grass. Including the Bamar, the government of Myanmar acknowledges 135 separate ethnic groups in total. Myanmar officially recognises 135 ethnic groups but Rohingya Muslims have been rendered stateless and stripped of their citizenship. Myanmar is a multi-ethnic country, with 135 different ethnic groups. People often interchange the name Kachin with the name of the principal subgroup - Jingpo (or Jinghpaw). Around 2 percent of the population is Mon, and for the most part, they live in Mon State and other parts of the southern border, and there are many Mon in Thailand too. It’s a complicated affair, and part of a much bigger conversation about how we put labels on ethnicities and cultures in general - something that stirs up no end of controversy. NAYPYITAW—The most powerful ethnic armed group in Myanmar has established its own military academy. The country has certainly had a rough journey getting to where it is today, with civil wars and conflict between the tribes of Myanmar. The other ethnic groups account for about 4%. Their traditional fishing methods are still practiced today - they dive up to 60 meters to gather shellfish, and use a long pipe for oxygen. Down in the south and southeast of Myanmar, you can find Kayin State, where the Kayin or Karen people live. Today, however, not all women from these villages still wear rings, because they have become rather a spectacle for tourists. What Languages Are Spoken In Myanmar (Burma)? BRÈ GIRLS.jpg. In 1947, ethnic groups and Gen. Aung San, the pre-independence leader of Burma, as of Myanmar was known until 1989, signed the Panglong Agreement, which promised a … Tourists trekking through this region should keep an eye out for these artisanal crafts to purchase! Bamar People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.indochinatours.asia. Galapagos at Christmas and New Years: The Ultimate Guide. Their huge buffalo-hide shields together with black varnished helmets adorned with boar tusks make a formidable sight. Like several other major ethnic groups, the Karen have been mostly at war with the government of Myanmar for over 60 years, seeking their independence. It’s difficult to estimate how many there are of the Karen, as they are spread throughout Kayin State and beyond, but are thought to make up around 7 percent of Myanmar’s population. When women get to the age of 40, they start wearing black clothes which they then wear for the rest of their lives. A ceasefire agreement between the Karen National Union and Myanmar government was signed in 2012, but it did not last. There is also a range of other ethnic groups that aren’t officially recognized by the Burmese government such as the Indian and Chinese populations and the Rohingya Muslims, among others. They occupy Rakhine state, a coastal region in Western Myanmar. They begin wearing these coils at the age of five and add more rings as the years go on. Rings, hairpins, necklaces, and bracelets, all play a large part in formal dress, and clothes are often adorned with bells, tassels, and shells. It’s also believed that it was the Mon that brought Theravada Buddhism to the area, and today they still mostly follow this religion. A GAUNGTO BACHELOR.jpg. What ways do the many Burmese tribes differ from one another, and how do they live now? An early morning scene of Mong Yawng market in December 2016-5.jpg. Accordingly, people of Burma provide differing numbers of ethnic groups that exist in the The Mon cultural symbol is a mythological water bird (that looks a bit like a swan) called the hongsa, commonly known as hintha. They have their own languages, traditions, cultural costumes, and religions that are fascinating to witness. Mainly from Myanmar (Burma), accounting for 68% of the population of Myanmar. Our goal is to match you with the expedition cruise and tailor-made extensions that best suit your interests and budget. Chin. We respect your privacy and will not give your contact information to any third parties. Over the last 60 years and more, many ethnic minorities have tried to achieve independence from Myanmar, and this struggle is still going on in many places.As well as the list above there are a handful of unofficial tribes that are not recognized by the Burmese government, including Burmese Indians, Rohingya, Anglo-Burmese, Lisu, Raway, Burmese Chinese and many more. They used to have a complex feudal system where they were ruled by hereditary princes. The Karen, or Kayin, people have a population in the country of close to 3,604,000. Two-thirds of the Burmese population are Bamar. Cadets of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) preparing for military drills at the group's … However, this only lasted until 2011, and political and physical unrest is still rife in Kachin State. All rights reserved. Closely related to the Kayin is the Kayah group of ethnic nationalities, also known … Rakhine People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.icrc.org. The population of Bamar in the country is estimated to stand at 35,010,600 people. After the military regime in Myanmar banned the practices of certain tribal traditions such as neck rings and face tattoos, many Padaung fled over into Thailand. Western clothing is making its inroads in the Bamar culture (t-shirts and jeans appearing more frequently) but not as much as in some other Southeast Asian cultures, and mainly in the country’s cities. On festival days such as Chin National Day (marking the day they officially gained human rights), they go all out with their costumes. They mostly practice Theravada Buddhism, along with a Tai folk religion. They are victims of forced labor, government oppression, torture, and massacres. The Bamar account for around 68% of the population, followed by the Shan (10%), Kayin (7%), Rakhine (4%) and overseas Chinese (3%). All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. Confused yet? Two important rites of passage take place to celebrate Bamar children coming of age - a Buddhist novitiate ceremony for the boys called shinbyu, and a ceremony of ear-piercing for the girls called nar tha. People describe Myanmar as the ‘land of smiles’ mainly because of the warmth and hospitality of villagers in the rural parts of the country. Clashes between the government and ethnic minorities led to a civil war that has plagued Myanmar for decades. This is the land of smiles, and a smile always eases over any cultural tension. Instead, Bamar Burmese culture is often imposed upon the smaller ethnic minorities. Although today they are mostly a Christian ethnic group, part of Kayan tradition is their own religion called Kan Khwan which allegedly dates back to the Bronze Age. The men on the other hand stick to dark blue baggy trousers. As destination experts we have all the advice you need to help you find and book your dream expedition cruise to embark on an unforgettable adventure. The Bamar are a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group that takes up roughly two-thirds of the population of Myanmar at nearly 40 million people in total. The Bamar are where most widely-recognized elements of Burmese culture and identity are derived - such as their traditional clothing of long sarongs (longyi for the men and htamain for the women). As a result, ethnic armies emerged to fight for the minority groups. They are also the poorest ethnic group in Myanmar with roughly 40 percent living without sufficient food, and 70 percent living below the poverty line. As the country is still emerging from a conservative period away from the rest of the world, it’s respectable to wear clothing that covers your knees and shoulders to make the people you meet feel comfortable. Is the country still as culturally authentic as it once was? This information is collected from and by participating companies and organizations, official authorities and Rainforest Cruises. Here’s a quick checklist to ensure a happy trip: Learn a few words in the local language. However, the agreement was never implemented. The Rakhine people are predominantly Theravada Buddhists. Their numbers are made up of Buddhists, animists and Christians, many of the latter suffering persecution and fleeing into neighboring Thailand. By Htet Naing Zaw 15 September 2020 . Let’s have a closer look at some of the different ethnic groups of Myanmar. This beautiful country’s past may be fraught with conflict and complications, but it’s not hard to see why Myanmar has risen to the top of so many adventurous travelers’ bucket lists. The Rohingya are … Traditional Kachin clothing is generally black, with silver adornments both for men and women. It’s thought that these unofficial tribes make up about 10% of the country’s population. In the period of the military junta, they were persecuted by the Burmese army, and tens of thousands of Chin fled to India to avoid the violence, which has created political tension between the two nations. Shan people have been engaged in an armed struggle with the Myanmar government for decades. The Chin is a large ethnic group made up of many different subgroups, speaking between 40 to 45 different dialects. The Kachin people make up the smallest of the ‘major national ethnic races’, inhabiting the Kachin hills in the north of Kachin State, as well as covering areas of China’s Yunnan province and parts of Northeastern India. This geographical position has gradually shaped Myanmar’s complex cultural make-up, leading to what is today one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. In fact, older women of Shan communities tend to lose their own sense of identity as they get older - instead, they are referred to as the wife of someone, rather than a person in their own right. Another major ethnic race in Myanmar is the Mon, which is made up of just one group as opposed to the many varying ones that comprise the other seven races. They speak over 100 different dialects and languages between them. Rodents were attracted and multiplied, drawn in by the fruit from the trees, which then ate their way through the local grain stores, forcing famine upon the Chin population. The 10 Least Populated Countries in Africa, 10 Countries Where Women Far Outnumber Men, The Most Famous Serial Killers In America And Their Twisted Crimes. We GUARANTEE to offer you the best rate on our luxury Amazon cruises. They have fantastic festivals and wonderful musical heritage, including traditional instruments such as the gong chime, the saung harp, and the crocodile xylophone! The balcony is the site of traditional Shan dancing, and there’s normally a shrine in the living room. 1.5 million of the total population is estimated as Chin and they also have many different sub … One of the subgroups of the Shan is the H’Mong, who are renowned for their textiles traditions of beautiful weaving and bright and colorful costumes. They fight for better treatment from the Burmese government. Apart from Bamar, each ‘major national ethnic race’ has its own state of the same name. Bring gifts. 2011 Chinese New Year lion dance, Yangon, Myanmar.jpg. The traditional Bamar cuisine is normally rice, noodles, and fish with plenty of salad. Visit villages and tribes in small groups only, and limit the amount of foreign and mainstream items you bring with you. Sadly, it’s been said that the Chin are one of the most persecuted of Myanmar’s minority groups. Of these, the government is currently holding peace talks with 18 groups—10 signatories of the nationwide ceasefire agreement and eight other non-signatories. “It doesn’t matter if we are Burmese, Kachin, Chin, or any ethnic group. For the sake of this article, we’re going to steer clear of too much of the nitty-gritty of debate, and dive into some of the recognized and unrecognized ethnic groups of Myanmar for an insight into how they live today. Beneath the house lives livestock such as pigs and chickens, and there are two water buckets at the bottom of the stairs to wash your feet in before you go enter the house - one for invited guests, and one for unexpected visitors. Although something the Chin is intensely proud of, the practice of facial tattoos has today been banned by Burmese authorities and only a handful of Chin women have these ancient face tattoos today. The Kayah inhabit Kayah State - a fairly small region found directly to the east of Myanmar, and the neighboring Shan State, as well as some parts of Thailand. Myanmar is an ethnically diverse state, but minority ethnic groups have been long marginalized and, like the Rohingya, face discrimination, structural racism, and … As you can see from the map, for the most part, the ethnic minorities of Myanmar live in the mountainous areas around the borders of the country. The Rakhine, or Arakan, people are estimated to comprise 1,802,000 members of the nation's population. Their culture is a dominant culture in Myanmar. Their traditional dress is typically extremely colorful - mostly in red, green, and black although of course, this varies from tribe to tribe. Pay for things using your right hand, and loosely support your right arm with your left hand. The armed resistances of Myanmar’s ethnic groups and the current peace negotiations can be viewed in the timeline below. In the months leading up to Myanmar's independence from the British, an agreement was signed in 1947 between some of the country's ethnic groups … Rainforest Cruises cannot and will not accept responsibility for any omissions or inaccuracies, or for any consequences arising therefrom, including any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the display or use of this information. As with the Chin, the Kachin have been Christianized and today between one half and two-thirds of the population are Christian (the remainder being mostly Buddhist and animist).Also, like the Chin, the Kachin have had numerous armed conflicts over the past number of decades, as they fought for independence from Myanmar, until signing a ceasefire agreement with the Burmese government in 1994. Young girls start wearing brightly colored dresses at the age of 14, and as they get older, the outfits gradually become less colorful. Do not point at anything using your feet! Bamar people mostly live in the Irrawaddy River basin and are traditionally wet-rice farmers, having migrated here originally from Yunnan Province in China back in the 7th century. Rakhine State is also home to the Rohingya Muslims, who have long faced persecution and are not recognized by the Burmese government as citizens of the country. Both men and married women wear turbans, and the color is an important part of growing up in Shan communities. “And not all groups oppose … The Kachin State is known for its bountiful natural resources such as jade. Chin People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.destinationsmagazine.com. Media in category "Ethnic groups in Myanmar" The following 32 files are in this category, out of 32 total. To deal with the amount of ethnic diversity in its borders, the Myanmar government categorized the 135 ethnicities of the country into 8 general ethnic categories. While we aim to provide accurate and up-to-date information, Rainforest Cruises makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information in our Guides or found by following any link on this site. Remember that we are privileged to be permitted to visit this remarkable country and that sustainable tourism can play a largely beneficial role in shining a light on areas of the world previously in shadow. of ethnic armed groups in the country). It goes without saying - do not leave any litter behind. They dominate Myanmar's government and the military. The main reason it is such a culturally rich part of the world to visit is down to the intricate web of ethnic minorities in Myanmar. The Rakhine people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Myanmar comprising around 4 to 5 percent of the population. The Rohingya are considered illegal immigrants from the Indian subcontinent, making them stateless, with no protective rights. They’ll also normally like to see the photo afterward. Historically, Myanmar existed as a unified kingdom, back in the 8-9th century A.D, when the Burmans are believed to have mi- grated southwards from the Eastern Hima- layas, which led to a 500-year dynastic rule. In reality, the coils do not stretch the neck itself but push down on the collarbone and rib cage. We respect your privacy and will not pass on your email address to any third parties. The Shan (also known as the Tai Yai) is the largest ethnic group after the Bamar, making up over 9 percent of the population of Myanmar. So that wraps up our brief run-down of the different ethnic groups of Myanmar and the difficulties they face today. Read on for answers to all these burning questions. The small group that does this is known as the Kayan Lahwi or Padaung. Members of Shan state have suffered inhuman treatment including forced labor, torture, rape, and confiscation of property perpetrated by the Myanmar government. Myanmar has about 20 ethnic armed groups in yellow that control about one-third of the country's territory. If you were to look at a Myanmar ethnic group map, you’d see that the minority groups live on roughly half the country’s land. The women do sometimes wear colorful woolen skirts, and the men wear turbans - white for the youth, black for the elderly. Followed by ethnic Shan (9%), Keren (8%), Kachin (7%), Rakhine (4%). Closely related to the Kayin is the Kayah group of ethnic nationalities, also known as the Karenni or Red Karen. Demonstrators wave flags of … If you have questions about any of our cruises or destinations that haven’t yet been addressed in our blog, just ask and we will be happy to help. Their living quarters are normally tall bamboo houses built on stilts. 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