myanmar life expectancy

This reflects a flexible bilateral kinship system but with a tendency of grown daughters to play more prominent roles within the family than sons. Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, College of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University. The lack of paved main roads in Myanmar and security issues in some regions further hinders access to health services (Perlez, 2014). After years of political turmoil, economic hardship, and poor living conditions, many older persons in Myanmar appear to bear grave old-age health outcomes. In the absence of any survey targeting Myanmar’s older population, the analysis provided in the 2012 report is based on the 1973 and 1983 censuses and household listings from the 1991 Population Changes and Fertility Survey and the 2001 and 2007 Fertility and Reproductive Health Surveys. Important data sources not specifically interviewing older persons are the censuses. The result is: 65.65 years. Under this pilot scheme, older persons receive a cash transfer of 10,000 Kyat (US$8) paid on a quarterly basis for a 12-month period. In 2005, a report on the older-aged population was published based on the 1973 and 1983 censuses and household membership listings from several national surveys (Department of Population and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2005). PSC Research Report No. The reason for this is that given that the improvements in life expectancy at birth were from the low level of 36 up to the mid-60s, the increases were within a range that disproportionately reflects improved survival rates at infancy and young childhood rather than at older adulthood. Life expectancy for the entire population of Myanmar has increased gradually but is still significantly lower than even the United States’ 80.4-year average. . , & A small, yet growing, group of researchers based outside Myanmar with expertise on the social gerontology of the Myanmar population exists. Myanmar has specifically targeted malaria. The latter program is relevant to community-based care. Key players are from universities in Myanmar (e.g., the University of Public Health Yangon, Yangon Institute of Economics particularly its Demography Department), government agencies (e.g., the Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population; Department of Social Welfare, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement; Ministry of Health), and international organizations (e.g., UNFPA, WHO, HelpAge International). Additionally, the World Health Organization has also worked with the Myanmar government to set goals for their health care. Stroke. Myanmar has already exceeded the goals set in 2015. Population aging is driven mainly by declining fertility but is also affected by improving survival rates as well as international migration, features that have characterized the demographic transition taking place in Myanmar at least since the mid-20th century. (. Since a series of reforms was introduced in 2010, Myanmar’s economy has been growing swiftly with a GDP growth rate of 7.2% in 2015 and is estimated to grow fastest in Southeast Asia in the next few years (Asian Development Bank [ABD], 2016). In Myanmar, there is a constant struggle for power in the government with the military primarily seizing control and ending rebellions since the country gained independence in 1948. The value for Life expectancy at birth, total (years) in Myanmar was Steadily rising since 1950, the average life expectancy was once 33.63 years. Tha The Japanese International Cooperation Agency has also worked on special projects in Myanmar since 2000, most notably creating. In 2018, the average life expectancy at birth in Myanmar was 66.87 years. In addition to high level of private financing of health care, other barriers include reduced accessibility due to geographic and infrastructure factors. Evidence from Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand, Healthcare of the elderly in Myanmar [PowerPoint Slides], World population prospects: The 2015 revision, Policy mapping on ageing in Asia and the Pacific: Analytical report, Livelihoods and social change in rural Myanmar, Noncommunicable disease risk factor survey: Myanmar 2009, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, WHO Country Cooperation Strategy: Myanmar 2014–2018, Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in the adult population in Yangon division, Myanmar. A law on older people was drafted and has been approved in August 2016 by the recently elected Myanmar Parliament’s upper house. Burma - Myanmar’s position was held this year in position 145th with respect to the ranking of 192 we publish life expectancy. Pothisiri The difference may likely reflect poorer health among older persons in Myanmar compared to Thailand where the government provides universal health insurance and the economy is more advanced (Sasat & Bowers, 2013). Myanmar's "Average life expectancy" is 66.87Age which is the 150th highest in the world ranking. Myanmar’s health system has been severely underfunded (Grundy, Annear, Ahmed, & Biggs, 2014). For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The share of payments for health services that are out-of-pocket in Myanmar is considered relatively high, accounting for 51% of the total health care expenditure compared with 25% in the East Asia and Pacific region and 37% among low-income countries. (, Moe Zaw Nevertheless they have doubled between 1970–1975 and 2010–2015. Many live in abject poverty and depend on their families for material support. In 2011, the Myanmar government only spent, . This is because all of these surveys have household-level data files with at least basic information of all household members including older-aged members. Myanmar HPI Score Rank / Life expectancy of years Wellbeing of / 10 Ecological footprint of Global hectares per person. *Address correspondence to Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, PhD, School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, Singapore 178903, Singapore. , & For example, half of all households have televisions, whereas one third have a mobile phone. According to Table 1, the share of women in the older population remains between 55% and 56% throughout the period between 1950 and 2015. Compared to those in their 60s, persons in their 70s reported 2.5 times as many functional limitations on average and four times as many ADL difficulties. Myanmar is of particular interest to researchers and policy makers, given its overall level of poverty and modestly rapid population aging. . Aung Among this political struggle is an ethnic one; One of the greatest links to health and life expectancy is the standard of living. Myanmar’s life expectancy at birth increased by 10.3 years, mean years of schooling increased by 2.6 years and expected years of schooling increased by 4.6 years. However, Myanmar adopted international guidelines toward the social and economic protection of the older population in its Action Plan on Aging in 2014 under the former government of Myanmar (Williamson, 2015). To do this, the World Bank has given Myanmar a $400 million credit to launch this plan throughout the country. In response to old-age income insecurity and limited social protection mechanisms presently available in Myanmar, the Department of Social Welfare in collaboration with HelpAge International started in 2015 piloting an old-age social pension scheme in two townships in Kachin State and Ayeyarwady Region. Country Profile: MYANMAR DEMOGRAPHY Total population 1 ('000s) Year 2006 48'379 Annual population growth rate 1 (%) Year 1996-2006 1.0 Population living in urban areas 1 (%) Year 2006 31 Life expectancy at birth 1 (years) Female Male 63 57 Less than one in five older persons have savings in the form of money or gold. It is clear nevertheless that the net impact of these demographic changes resulted in increased aging of the Myanmar population. Tuberculosis, HIV and lower respiratory infections have decreased as leading causes of death. , & Even though access to health care is limited, the quality has improved overall, allowing for people to fight off these infections and live longer, Unfortunately, government spending on health care is one of the lowest in the world at 5 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). More recently, the scheme has been expanded to include elders aged 90 and older and funded by the government. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. This report concluded that aging is not as dramatic in Myanmar as in other Asian countries but nevertheless is still crucial to prepare now for the challenges and opportunities in response to population ageing. These programs are not yet effective nationwide. Moreover, 59% report children as their main source of income, while only 24% report work (by self or spouse). B. Among those that live with a married child, coresidence with a married daughter is more common than with a married son. The vast majority of older persons believe that children should provide financial support and personal care to their parents in old age. . D. K. S. Since migrants are typically in younger or middle adult ages, their absence may have slightly increased the share at older ages among the remaining population. Myanmar : 54 records since 1960 , the average of these recordings : 54 The highest data : 2012 is the highest year for the indicator : Men - Life expectancy at birth (years). It incorporates two programs directed to older adults involving establishing social pensions and promoting Older Person Self-Help Groups (OPSHGs). Looking ahead, Myanmar confronts important challenges including demographic shifts that reduce availability of family support for older persons and increasing burden from chronic illnesses. . Several non- sovereign entities are also included in this list. In a study by the World Health Organization, in Myanmar, “malaria morbidity and mortality has declined, The purpose of this is to help Myanmar achieve economic stability and reduce poverty. Annear At present, there are only limited numbers of researchers specialized on aging research in Myanmar. Life expectancy at age 60 has also improved steadily from 12.2 years in 1950–1955 to 16.7 by 2010–2015. (life expectancy at birth, males) Created with Highcharts 9.1.0. (2015). Older people in Myanmar are generally surrounded by family at home. Note: Source: United Nations Population Division. Search for other works by this author on: School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Ageing in South East Asia: A five-country study, Asian development outlook 2016: Asia’s potential growth, The 2014 Myanmar population and housing census: Highlights of the main results (Census Report Volume 2-A), Department of Population and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), The elderly population in Myanmar: Trends, living conditions, characteristics and prospects, April 2005, Adapting to social and political transitions—the influence of history on health policy formation in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma), Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Region, World Economic Outlook Database, International Monetary Fund, The situation of older persons in Myanmar: results from the 2012 survey of older persons (revised 2014), HelpAge International Myanmar Country Office, The situation of older persons in Myanmar—an overview, Grandparents and grandchildren: care and support in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, Inter-generational living arrangements in Myanmar and Thailand: A comparative analysis, The situation of Thailand’s older population: An update based on the 2014 survey of older persons in Thailand, HelpAge International East Asia-Pacific Regional Office, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, Implementing Myanmar’s social protection strategic plan: Proposed flagship programmes, Health seeking behavior of elderly in Myanmar, International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health, Ban on doctor’s group imperils Muslim minority in Myanmar, Study on accessing healthcare by the older population, Myanmar (draft report), HelpAge International East Asia and Pacific Regional Office, Economic status and old-age health in poverty-stricken Myanmar, Data mapping on ageing in Asia and the Pacific: Analytical report, Long-term care needs in the context of poverty and population aging: The case of older persons in Myanmar. The country is vulnerable to natural disasters, including hurricanes, floods, and even earthquakes which tend to dampen economic and social development. Myanmar’s GNI per capita increased by about 672.4 percent between 1990 and 2019. . Empirical evidence indicates that Myanmar older persons are in relatively poorer health compared to those in neighboring countries. The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, … Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) has worked with Myanmar since 1995 and has helped, . A large proportion of older adults live in houses made with nonpermanent materials (e.g., bamboo). The, . According to the MAS, a majority of Myanmar older adults, specifically those in the bottom 60% of wealth distribution, live in abject poverty as measured by household possessions and quality of housing (Teerawichitchainan & Knodel, 2015a). Myanmar Life Expectancy chart, historic, and current data. The aim was to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation of older persons in the country including their social characteristics, economic activity and income, material well-being, family support and intergenerational exchanges, and health. There are not many medical schools available and therefore a lack of other health professionals like pharmacists, technicians and bioengineers. Myanmar - Life expectancy at birth 67.36 (years) in 2020 In 2020, life expectancy at … If we look at the change in life expectancy in Burma - Myanmar over the past several years, we find that it is higher than in 2017, when it was 66.56 years, which is the same of what happens compared to 2008, when it was 62.68 years. John Knodel, PhD, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, PhD, Aging in Myanmar, The Gerontologist, Volume 57, Issue 4, August 2017, Pages 599–605, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw211. The 1973 and 1983 censuses have been used by researchers as the basis for information on population aging (Department of Population and UNFPA, 2005, 2012). These institutions will lay the groundwork for implementing policies and programs for older persons in the future. Older people in Myanmar typically live in low-income households. The WHO assisted in drawing up Myanmar’s Health Vision 2030. The lowest data : 1960 is the lowest year for the indicator : Life It is only among the top two quintiles that household possessions and housing amenities typical in middle-income Southeast Asian countries become more evident. W Formerly known as Burma, Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia nestled between India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. United Nations projections anticipate that the ranking with respect to population aging among Southeast Asian countries will remain the same through 2050, although in all countries substantial population aging will take place. Gaps in LTC decline in an almost linear gradient with increased household wealth. There are shortages across the country in human resources for health. . Like most middle- and low-income Asian countries, Myanmar has only one nationally representative survey of older persons, namely the 2012 MAS (Teerawichitchainan & Knodel, 2015b). Myanmar’s life expectancy (or expectation of life after birth) has increased 13.73% from 61.2 to 69.6 years. The 2014 census reveals improvements in material well-being of the overall population. Pensions are uncommon as a source of income for Myanmar’s older-aged population. The severe lack of government investment in health care makes health resources difficult to access by the population, which one can attribute to the lower life expectancies, but it is clear that Myanmar is taking steps in the right direction. The number of persons 60 and older will rise approximately 250% from 4.8 million in 2015 to about 12 million in 2050 (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2015). As evidenced by the 10 facts about life expectancy in Myanmar, several circumstances could be contributing to the lower life expectancy of the country. Current Myanmar Life Expectancy is 66.61. Pothisiri 70.8 years. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. Knodel B. (, Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement © The Author 2017. Although there are a few health policies focusing on the older-aged population, few resources and limited capacity have curtailed their success (Han, 2012). Myanmar : 54 records since 1960 , the average of these recordings : 56.61 years The highest data : 2013 is the highest year for the indicator : Life expectancy (years). Prachuabmoh Thwin Moreover, aging parents that live with children typically provide important services. Several journal articles focus on aging in Myanmar or on comparative analyses that include Myanmar (Knodel, 2014b; Knodel & Nguyen, 2015; Knodel & Pothisiri, 2015; Moe, Tha, Naing, & Htike, 2012; Teerawichitchainan & Knodel, 2015a; Teerawichitchainan & Knodel, 2016; Teerawichitchainan, Knodel, & Pothisiri, 2015; Teerawichitchainan, Pothisiri, & Giang, 2015). As income from work declines with advancing age, support from children becomes increasingly crucial. In fact, it is the world’s longest ongoing civil war. ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. For the immediate future, Myanmar needs a holistic national strategy addressing all aspects of aging to ensure effective implementation and coordination of programs for older persons. This is below the average life expectancy at birth of the global population which is about 71 years (according to Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations). Myanmar also reduced the number of medical students to ensure a better quality of education. The potential support ratio (the number of persons 15–64 per one older person 65 and older) is projected to decline from 12.5 in 2015 to 5 in 2050. Estimates reported in columns (e) and (f) are average of proportions population aged 60+ and proportions population aged 80+ for each interval. B. K. K. Furthermore, 28% of older persons in Myanmar reported problems with eyesight, compared to 18% in Thailand. COPD, stroke, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are, . Although age-specific survival rates have increased steadily since the middle of the 20th century as indicated by rising life expectancy at birth (e0), this has actually moderated the extent of population aging rather than contributing to it. Among the 10 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries, only Cambodia ranks below Myanmar as measured in terms of per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) adjusted for purchasing power parity (International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2015). Extensive reforms since 2010 have led the Myanmar government to increase public spending on health. However, despite the long and winding path ahead, it is clear that life expectancy is rising as living conditions continue to slowly improve. (, Grundy It would also allow greater access to public services, such as electricity and health care resources, According to the World Bank, 69.815 percent of the population had, . In addition, recent medical research provides some emphasis on noncommunicable diseases (NCD) (P. Morrison, personal communication, August 27, 2016). Over 80% of older persons report receiving some type of material support from children according to the MAS. Population aging and its ramifications are among several pressing issues currently facing poverty-stricken Myanmar. Life expectancy at birth, female (years) - Myanmar. B. with exception for Cyclone Nargisin 2008. Coresidence is very common and facilitates reciprocal exchanges across generations. It is more difficult to assess the impact on age structure of the net out-migration that has been taking place at least since the 1980s. Another important service that parents provide is through grandchild care thus facilitating the ability of their adult children to work outside the house. Regarding physical functioning, Myanmar older persons scored worse on every functional limitation and ability to carry on activities of daily living (ADL) than Thai older adults. Life expectancy: 65,2 years Under-5 mortality rate: 40 ‰ Main problems faced by children in Myanmar: Poverty Myanmar suffers from structural poverty . World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. Similarly, Myanmar has already achieved the goal of a 50 percent reduction in malaria morbidity and mortality since 2007. It is the largest country in terms of area in mainland Southeast Asia with a total population of 51.5 million according to the 2014 census. Selected Demographic Measures, Myanmar 1950–2015. B. Males. In addition, pensions are largely limited to older persons in urban areas. 6,228. L The quality of life can be examined in numerous manners, including exploring healthcare, access to improved sanitation and drinking water, as well Myanmar older persons from the poorest households are more likely than others to experience unmet need for care and even when they receive care, they tend to experience inadequate care. Normative support for filial obligations to aging parents is widespread. 3-30-2020. Teerawichitchainan Shortages of health personnel and infrastructure are also evident. The index measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18, given the risks of poor health and poor education that prevail in the country … Biggs Myanmar is facing the emerging challenges of a growing geriatric population (WHO, 2014). Currently, LTC policies do not exist in Myanmar. Department of Population and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) As in all other countries in the region, Myanmar has more women than men among the older population, reflecting the lower female mortality rates that predominate throughout the life span. Starting in the 1970s, United Nations estimates indicate that total fertility rates (TFR) declined steadily from around 6 births per woman over a lifetime to 2.25 births by 2010–2015, that is, just above the replacement level of 2.1 (see Table 1). At present, the OPSHG program remains in the pilot stage, covering less than 1% of the population aged 60 and older (Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, 2015). Coronary Heart Disease. Population aging and substantial increases in the numbers of older persons are taking place throughout Southeast Asia including Myanmar although at different paces. Published by Molly Moore, Jun 22, 2020 In 2020, Myanmar had an average life expectancy at birth of just over 67 years. 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